Ua paʻi ʻia kahi noiʻi hou i loko oʻO ka microbiomeua hana i ka loiloi metagenomic viral ma 846 mau mammals liʻiliʻi hihiu—me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, nā rodents, a me nā shrews—i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma Sierra Leone, West Africa. Ua ʻike ka haʻawina i ka huina o 39 mau maʻi RNA e pili ana i nā mammals, nona nā maʻi hou he 26 a me 13 mau maʻi i ʻike mua ʻia. I waena o kēia mau mea, ua hōʻike ka ʻohana Paramyxoviridae i ka ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻoiai ʻo nā rodents ka nui o nā ʻano viral (n = 26).
Ua hōʻike ka loiloi pilikia zoonotic i ʻekolu mau maʻi zoonotic i ʻike ʻia—ʻo ka maʻi encephalomyocarditis, ka maʻi Lassa, a me Rocahepevirus sp.—a me ʻekolu mau maʻi me ka pilikia spillover: ka maʻi Melian, ka maʻi hepatitis rodent, a me Hunnivirus A. ʻO ka mea nui, ma waena o nā maʻi i ʻike hou ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻo Bat ledantevirus 2 i ka pilina phylogenetic kokoke loa i ka maʻi Le Dantec e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kanaka. Ua ʻike hou ka loiloi serological i nā antibodies neutralizing e kūʻē i kēia maʻi ma 2.8% o nā kamaʻāina kūloko, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana i ke kanaka, ʻaʻole paha i ʻike ʻia.
Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike i ke alo o kahi waihona viral nui i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā rodent ma ʻApelika Komohana a hōʻike i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o nā hoʻolālā kiaʻi i hoʻohui ʻia ma ka pilina kanaka-holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nānā ʻana metagenomic me ka hōʻoia serological e hāʻawi i kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa no ka ʻike ʻana i nā virus me ka zoonotic a me ka hiki ke spillover.
I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ʻoi aku ma mua o 60% o nā maʻi lele e kū mai ana i loko o ke kanaka i puka mai i nā waihona holoholona, me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, nā rodents, a me nā shrews i ʻike ʻia he mau kikowaena koʻikoʻi o nā maʻi zoonotic. Ua manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ʻApelika he wahi wela no nā maʻi zoonotic. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike ʻo Sierra Leone ma mua o 28,000 mau hihia i ka wā o ka maʻi Ebola 2014-2016.
ʻOiai ke kaumaha nui o nā maʻi zoonotic ma kēia ʻāina, ʻaʻole i lawa ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā virus i nā mammals liʻiliʻi hihiu. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia hakahaka, ua hana nā mea noiʻi i kahi loiloi virome ʻōnaehana o 846 mau mammals liʻiliʻi hihiu i hopu ʻia ma ʻekolu mau wahi ma Sierra Leone ma waena o 2018 a me 2023. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ke aʻo ʻana e wehewehe i ka ʻokoʻa o ka viral, ʻike i nā moho me ka hiki ke hoʻoili i nā ʻano like ʻole, loiloi i ka pilikia zoonotic, a hoʻoulu i nā hōʻike e kākoʻo i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha mua no nā maʻi lele e kū mai ana.
Nā Hana Koʻikoʻi
Ua hoʻopili ke aʻo ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana metagenomics viral piha:
- Ka hana ʻana i ka laʻana:Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻiʻo puʻuwai, akepaʻa, spleen, māmā, a me nā puʻupaʻa, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, ua hoʻohuihui ʻia, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka unuhi RNA holoʻokoʻa.
- Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka ʻākoakoa ʻana:Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka RNA Ribosomal ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka waihona puke, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka throughput kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paepae Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia e ka viral de novo.
- Ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi:Ua ʻike ʻia nā virus ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka gene RNA polymerase (RdRp) e hilinaʻi ana i ka RNA. ʻO nā virus e pili ana i nā vertebrate wale nō i mālama ʻia, koe naʻe nā virus bacteria, fungal, a me nā mea kanu.
- Ka loiloi ʻana o ka Bioinformatics:Ua mālama ʻia ke kūkulu hou ʻana o ka phylogenetic, ka nānā ʻana i ka hui hou ʻana, ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka pūnaewele hoʻoili ʻano like ʻole, a me ka loiloi pilikia zoonotic.
- Hōʻoia serological:Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo neutralization pseudovirus i hoʻokumu ʻia ma VSV no Bat ledantevirus 2. Ua ʻike ʻia nā antibodies neutralizing i ka 2.8% o nā sera kanaka, e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻike o ka hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia e ka zoonotic.
AʻoNā Hualoaʻa
1. Ka ʻIke ʻana i ka Viral a me ke ʻAno like ʻole
Ua hana kēia haʻawina i ka loiloi hoʻonohonoho transcriptomic ma luna o 846 mau holoholona hihiu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma Sierra Leone, me nā rodents, nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, a me nā shrews. Ma muli o nā moʻo gene RNA polymerase (RdRp) piha e pili ana i ka RNA, ua ʻike ʻia he 39 mau virus RNA e pili ana i nā mammal, nona nā virus 13 i ʻike mua ʻia a me 26 mau virus hou.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui viral, ua hōʻike ka ʻohana Paramyxoviridae i ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kauoha kikowaena ʻekolu, ukali ʻia e Astroviridae a me Picornaviridae. No ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka kikowaena, ua hāʻawi nā rodents i ka ʻokoʻa viral nui loa, me ka huina o 26 mau ʻano virus, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou kuleana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he waihona o ka ʻokoʻa viral ma ka ʻāina.
2. Ka Pōpilikia Zoonotic
Ua ʻike ʻia ka loiloi pilikia zoonotic i ʻekolu mau maʻi zoonotic i ʻike ʻia: ka maʻi encephalomyocarditis, ka maʻi Lassa, a me nā ʻano Rocahepevirus. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ʻekolu mau maʻi—ʻo ka maʻi Melian, ka maʻi hepatitis rodent, a me Hunnivirus A—he mau maʻi hiki ke laha.
Ma waena o nā maʻi he 26 i ʻike hou ʻia, ua wānana ʻia he ʻehā nona ka hiki ke loaʻa i nā maʻi zoonotic kiʻekiʻe ma muli o nā ʻano phylogenetic a me genomic. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hōʻike ʻo Bat ledantevirus 2 i ka pilina phylogenetic kokoke loa i ka maʻi Le Dantec i ʻike ʻia e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kanaka.
Ua kākoʻo hou aku ka noiʻi serological ma hope i kēia ʻike, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia nā antibodies neutralizing e kūʻē i ka Bat ledantevirus 2 ma 2.8% o nā sera mai nā kamaʻāina kūloko. Hōʻike kēia hopena ua loaʻa mua paha nā maʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia a i ʻole asymptomatic i loko o ka heluna kanaka, e hōʻike ana i kahi ala hoʻoili zoonotic hiki akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma mua.
3. Nā Dynamics Hoʻoili ʻAno-ʻAno
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi hoʻoili ʻano like ʻole e noho ana nā ʻiole i kahi kūlana waena i loko o ka pūnaewele kaʻana like viral, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he mau kikowaena koʻikoʻi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻololi viral ma waena o nā ʻano host. Ua ʻike ʻia he 15 mau virus i loaʻa ka hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi hou ʻana o nā ʻano hoʻoili cross-order ua ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka kaʻana like ʻana o ka viral ma waena o nā kikowaena i loko o ke kauoha taxonomic like, e hōʻike ana he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka pilina o ka kikowaena i ka dynamics transmission. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua hōʻike nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i kahi mana haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻoili cross-order.
ʻO ka mea nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka laulā o ka kikowaena i kekahi mau maʻi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka maʻi Melian, ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia he kūikawā i nā shrews, ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi i loko o nā rodents i loko o kēia noiʻi, e hōʻike ana i kahi loli kūpono i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka kikowaena a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka laha ākea.
Nā Hopena a me nā Manaʻo Ola Kino
- ʻO ke ʻano like ʻole o ka virome i nā mammals liʻiliʻi hihiu:ʻO ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o 39 mau maʻi RNA, me 26 mau ʻano hou, hōʻike i kahi waihona maʻi nui ma ka ʻāina a hōʻike no ka manawa mua i nā maʻi hou me ka hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā holoholona (e laʻa, Bat ledantevirus 2).
- ʻO nā ʻiole ma ke ʻano he mau pahuhopu kiaʻi koʻikoʻi:Hana nā ʻiole ma ke ʻano he kikowaena nui no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka viral a lawe lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka viral, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka pilikia o ka laha ʻana.
- Pono no nā hoʻolālā kiaʻi i hoʻohui ʻia:Kākoʻo nā ʻike i ka hoʻokau ʻana i nā rodents i nā papahana kiaʻi hana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻano hana i hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻohui ana i ka metagenomics, serology, a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni ma nā pilina kanaka-holoholona.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hāʻawi kēia haʻawina i nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi e kākoʻo i nā ʻōnaehana ʻōlelo aʻo mua a me nā ʻōnaehana loiloi pilikia no nā maʻi zoonotic e kū mai ana, e hoʻoikaika ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka nānā pono ʻana ma nā wahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe.
ʻIke Huahana
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-23-2026