Ua hoʻokau ʻo Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) i mau haneli miliona o nā maʻi a me nā miliona o ka make mai kona puka ʻana i ka hopena o 2019, e lilo ia i pilikia olakino olakino. Ua hoʻopuka ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ʻelima "mutant strains of concern"[1], ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta a me Omicron, a ʻo Omicron mutant strain ka mea nui i ka maʻi ahulau honua i kēia manawa. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Omicron mutant, ʻano maʻalahi nā hōʻailona, akā no nā poʻe kūikawā e like me ka poʻe immunocompromised, nā ʻelemakule, nā maʻi maʻi a me nā keiki, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi nui a i ʻole ka make ma hope o ka maʻi. ʻO ka nui o ka make ʻana o nā maʻi mutant ma Omicron, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike honua maoli e pili ana i ka 0.75% ka awelika o ka maʻi maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 7 a 8 mau manawa o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, a ʻo ka nui o ka make o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe ma mua o 80 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10%, ʻo ia hoʻi he 100 mau manawa o ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau.[2]. ʻO nā hōʻike lapaʻau maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻo ke kuni, ka ʻū, ka ʻāʻī maloʻo, ka ʻeha ʻeha, ka myalgia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻEhā ʻano o nā maʻi maʻi influenza: A, B, C a me D. ʻO nā ʻano maʻi maʻi nui he subtype A (H1N1) a me H3N2, a me ka strain B (Victoria a me Yamagata). ʻO ka maʻi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi influenza e hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maʻi kau a me ka maʻi maʻi hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi. Wahi a nā helu helu, ma kahi o 3.4 miliona mau hihia i mālama ʻia no nā maʻi like me ka influenza i kēlā me kēia makahiki[3], a ma kahi o 88,100 mau maʻi o ka maʻi hanu pili i ka influenza e alakaʻi i ka make, ʻo ia ka 8.2% o nā maʻi hanu e make ana.[4]. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻi e pili ana i ke kuni, ke poʻo, ka myalgia a me ka ʻū maloʻo. ʻO nā hui koʻikoʻi nui, e like me nā wahine hāpai, nā pēpē, nā ʻelemakule a me nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, hiki i ka maʻi pneumonia a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make i nā hihia koʻikoʻi.
1 COVID-19 me nā pōʻino influenza.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka maʻi influenza me COVID-19 hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka maʻi. Hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina Pelekane[5], i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka maʻi COVID-19 wale nō, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pilikia o ka ea mechanical a me ka pilikia o ka make o ka haukapila i nā mea maʻi COVID-19 me ka maʻi maʻi influenza i hoʻonui ʻia e 4.14 mau manawa a me 2.35 mau manawa.
Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Tongji Medical College o Huazhong University of Science and Technology i kahi noiʻi[6], i loaʻa i nā haʻawina 95 e pili ana i nā mea maʻi 62,107 i COVID-19. ʻO 2.45% ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi influenza, a ma waena o ka maʻi influenza A i helu ʻia no kahi hapa kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea maʻi i loaʻa wale i ka maʻi COVID-19, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe maʻi i hui pū ʻia me ka maʻi influenza A i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, me ka komo ʻana i ka ICU, kākoʻo ʻana i ka ea uila a me ka make. ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ka laha o ka co-infection, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o ka poʻe maʻi me ka co-infection.
Hōʻike ʻia kahi meta-analysis[7], i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me B-stream, ʻoi aku ka maʻi o ka A-stream me COVID-19. Ma waena o 143 mau maʻi i hoʻopili ʻia, 74% i loaʻa i ka A-stream, a ʻo 20% i loaʻa i ka B-stream. Hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi hui pū i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi o nā maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma waena o nā pūʻulu nāwaliwali e like me nā keiki.
ʻO ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio ma lalo o ka makahiki 18 i mālama ʻia i ka haukapila a i make paha i ka maʻi influenza i ka wā maʻi maʻi ma United States i 2021-22 loaʻa.[8]ʻO ke ʻano o ka co-infection me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ma COVID-19 pono e nānā. Ma waena o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi, 6% i hui pū ʻia me COVID-19 a me ka maʻi influenza, a ua piʻi ka nui o nā make pili i ka maʻi influenza i 16%. Hōʻike kēia ʻike i ka poʻe maʻi i hui pū ʻia me COVID-19 a me ka maʻi influenza e pono ai ke kākoʻo hanu invasive a me ka non-invasive ma mua o ka poʻe i loaʻa wale i ka maʻi influenza, a ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo ka co-infection hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi koʻikoʻi i nā keiki.
2 ʻIke ʻokoʻa o ka maʻi maʻi a me COVID-19.
ʻO nā maʻi hou ʻelua a me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi he nui loa ka lele ʻana, a aia nā mea like i kekahi mau hōʻailona lapaʻau, e like me ke kuni, ka ʻū a me ka myalgia. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā papa hana lapaʻau no kēia mau maʻi ʻelua, a ʻokoʻa nā lāʻau antiviral i hoʻohana ʻia. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻololi i nā hōʻike maʻamau o ka maʻi, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ma nā hōʻailona wale nō. No laila, pono e hilinaʻi ka ʻike pololei o ka COVID-19 a me ka maʻi influenza i ka ʻike ʻokoʻa virus e hōʻoia i hiki i nā mea maʻi ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau kūpono a maikaʻi.
ʻO kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka mālama ʻana e hōʻike ana he mea nui ka ʻike pololei ʻana o ka COVID-19 a me ka maʻi maʻi influenza ma o nā hoʻokolohua laboratory no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono.
《Ka Maʻi Influenza a me ka Papa Hana Hana (2020 Edition)》[9]a me ka 《Ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau a me ka mālama ʻana i ka Manaʻo Kūikawā Kūikawā (2022 Edition)》[10]ʻIke maopopo nā mea a pau i ka like ʻana o ka maʻi influenza me kekahi mau maʻi i loko o ka COVID-19, a he mau hōʻailona maʻalahi a maʻamau ka COVID-19 e like me ke kuni, ka ʻū maloʻo a me ka ʻeha ʻeha, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka maʻi maʻi maʻi; ʻO nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi a me ka koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi pneumonia koʻikoʻi, acute respiratory distress syndrome a me ka hana ʻino o ke kino, e like me nā hōʻike lapaʻau o ka maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi, a pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka etiology.
《novel coronavirus maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi a me ka lāʻau hoʻolālā (kaʻumi paʻi no ka hoʻokō hoʻokolohua》[11]i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻi Covid-19 mai ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū hanu luna i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
3 Nā ʻokoʻa o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi influenza a me ka maʻi COVID-19
ʻO 2019-nCoV a me ka influenza nā maʻi ʻokoʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole, a ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā lāʻau antiviral hiki ke pale i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me ka make o nā maʻi ʻelua.
Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau antiviral molecular liʻiliʻi e like me Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola a me ka neutralizing antibody lāʻau e like me Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir monoclonal antibody injection i COVID-19[12].
Hoʻohana nui nā lāʻau anti-influenza i nā neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir), hemagglutinin inhibitors (Abidor) a me RNA polymerase inhibitors (Mabaloxavir), i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi i nā maʻi influenza A a me B kaulana i kēia manawa.[13].
He mea nui loa ke koho ʻana i kahi regimen antiviral kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka 2019-nCoV a me ka maʻi maʻi. No laila, he mea nui e ʻike maopopo i ka pathogen e alakaʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
4 COVID-19/ Influenza A / Influenza B triple joint inspection nucleic acid products
Hāʻawi kēia huahana i ka ʻike wikiwiki a pololei of 2019-nCoV, influenza A a me ka maʻi influenza B, a kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka 2019-nCoV a me ka maʻi influenza, ʻelua mau maʻi ʻeha hanu me nā hōʻailona lapaʻau like akā nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau like ʻole. Ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka pathogen, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā papahana lapaʻau i manaʻo ʻia a hōʻoia i hiki i nā mea maʻi ke loaʻa ka lāʻau kūpono i ka manawa.
Huina hoʻonā:
ʻOhi laʻana--Nucleic acid extraction--Detection reagent--polymerase chain reaction
ʻIke pololei: ʻike i ka Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), ka maʻi influenza A a me ka maʻi maʻi influenza B i hoʻokahi paipu.
Paʻa loa: LOD o Covid-19 he 300 kope/mL, a ʻo ka maʻi influenza A a me B he 500 kope/mL.
Ka uhi piha: Loaʻa iā Covid-19 nā maʻi mutant a pau i ʻike ʻia, me ka maʻi influenza A me ka H1N1, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, etc., a me ka maʻi influenza B me Victoria a me Yamagata strains, i mea e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia.
Manaʻo maikaʻi hilinaʻi: ka mana maikaʻi ʻole / maikaʻi i kūkulu ʻia, ka ʻōlelo kūloko a me ka UDG enzyme ʻehā-fold control quality, ka nānā ʻana i nā reagents a me nā hana e hōʻoia i nā hopena pololei.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia: kūpono me ka mea hana PCR fluorescence ʻehā ma ka mākeke.
ʻOhi ʻakomi: me Macro & Micro-Testʻōnaehana ʻokiʻoki nucleic acid a me nā reagents extraction, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ke kūlike o nā hopena.
ʻIke huahana
Nā kuhikuhi
1. Hui Ola Ola. Ke nānā nei i nā ʻano like ʻole SARS‑CoV‑2[EB/OL]. (2022‑12‑01) [2023‑01‑08]. https://www. who.int/activities/tracking‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
2. Wehewehe Mana _ Liang Wannian: He 7 a 8 ka nui o ka make ma Omicron ma mua o ka ma'i ma'i _ Influenza _ Epidemic _ Mick _ Sina News.http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7090010198ol.html
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, et al. Ke kaumaha o nā kūkākūkā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi e like me ka maʻi influenza ma Kina, 2006-2015: kahi haʻawina e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka [J]. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe, 2020, 14(2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, et al. ʻO ka make ʻana o ka hanu e pili ana i ka maʻi influenza ma Kina, 2010-15: kahi haʻawina e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka [J]. Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, a me al. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi SARS-CoV-2 me nā maʻi maʻi influenza, ka maʻi hanu syncytial, a i ʻole nā adenovirus. Lancet. 2022; 399(10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Prevalence a me nā hopena pili o ka coinfection ma waena o SARS-CoV-2 a me ka maʻi influenza: he loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2023; 136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Co-infection o SARS-CoV-2 a me nā maʻi maʻi influenza: He loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analysis. J Clin Virol Plus. 2021 Sep; 1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, et al. ʻO ka prevalence o SARS-CoV-2 a me ka Influenza Coinfection a me nā ʻano maʻi maʻi ma waena o nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio <18 mau makahiki i mālama ʻia i ka haukapila a i make paha me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi - United States, 2021-22 Season Influenza. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(50):1589-1596.
9. National Health and Wellness Committee of People's Republic of China (PRC), ka hoʻokele mokuʻāina o ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina. Papahana Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Influenza a me Lapaʻau (2020 Edition) [J]. Nūpepa Pākē o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Lala Kauka Lapaʻau pilikia o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, lālā lāʻau lapaʻau o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, China Emergency Medical Association, Beijing Emergency Medical Association, Kina People's Liberation Army Emergency Medicine Professional Committee. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o ka poʻe loea e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi makua (2022 Edition) [J]. ʻO ka puke pai Kina o ka lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
11. Ke Keʻena Nui o ka Moku'āina Ola Ola Ola, Keʻena Nui o ka Moku'āina Hoʻokele o ka Lapaʻau Kuʻuna Kina. Hoʻolaha no ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka novel coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Tenth Edition).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, et al. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o ka poʻe loea e pili ana i ka antiviral therapy no ka poʻe maʻi coronavirus novel [J]. Ka Nupepa Haina o na ma'i ma'i ma'i ma'i, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Lala Kauka Lapaʻau pilikia o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, lālā lāʻau lapaʻau o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, China Emergency Medical Association, Beijing Emergency Medical Association, Kina People's Liberation Army Emergency Medicine Professional Committee. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o ka poʻe loea e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi makua (2022 Edition) [J]. ʻO ka puke pai Kina o ka lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-29-2024