Ua hoʻoulu ʻo Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) i nā haneli miliona o nā maʻi a me nā miliona o nā make mai kona puka ʻana mai i ka hopena o 2019, e lilo ana ia i pilikia olakino honua. Ua hoʻopuka ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ʻelima "ʻano mutant o ka hopohopo"[1], ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta a me Omicron, a ʻo ke ʻano mutant Omicron ke ʻano nui i ka maʻi ahulau honua i kēia manawa. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi mutant Omicron, he ʻoluʻolu iki nā hōʻailona, akā no nā poʻe kūikawā e like me ka poʻe immunocompromised, ka poʻe ʻelemakule, nā maʻi maʻi a me nā keiki, kiʻekiʻe mau ka pilikia o ka maʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka make ma hope o ka maʻi. ʻO ka helu make o nā ʻano mutant ma Omicron, hōʻike ka ʻikepili honua maoli ʻo ka awelika o ka make o ka hihia ma kahi o 0.75%, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 7 a 8 mau manawa o ka maʻi influenza, a ʻo ka helu make o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ma luna o 80 mau makahiki, ma mua o 10%, ʻo ia hoʻi kokoke i 100 mau manawa o ka maʻi influenza maʻamau.[2]ʻO nā hōʻike lapaʻau maʻamau o ka maʻi he kuni, ka ʻū, ka puʻu maloʻo, ka ʻeha o ka puʻu, ka myalgia, a pēlā aku. Hiki i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ke loaʻa ka dyspnea a/a i ʻole hypoxemia.
ʻEhā ʻano o nā maʻi influenza: A, B, C a me D. ʻO nā ʻano maʻi ahulau nui ʻo ia ka subtype A (H1N1) a me H3N2, a me ke ʻano B (Victoria a me Yamagata). ʻO ka maʻi influenza i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi influenza e hoʻoulu ai i kahi maʻi ahulau kau a me kahi maʻi ahulau hiki ʻole ke wānana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o nā hanana. Wahi a nā helu helu, ma kahi o 3.4 miliona mau hihia e mālama ʻia no nā maʻi like me ka influenza i kēlā me kēia makahiki.[3], a ma kahi o 88,100 mau hihia o nā maʻi hanu e pili ana i ka maʻi influenza e alakaʻi ai i ka make, e helu ana i 8.2% o nā make maʻi hanu[4]ʻO nā hōʻailona lapaʻau e komo pū me ke kuni, ka ʻeha poʻo, ka myalgia a me ke kuʻi maloʻo. ʻO nā hui pilikia kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā wahine hāpai, nā pēpē, ka poʻe ʻelemakule a me nā maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi mau, hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi pneumonia a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make i nā hihia koʻikoʻi.
1 COVID-19 me nā pōʻino o ka maʻi palū.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka maʻi influenza me COVID-19 e hoʻonui paha i ka hopena o ka maʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi Pelekane[5], i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka maʻi COVID-19 wale nō, ua piʻi ka pilikia o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ea mechanical a me ka pilikia o ka make ʻana ma ka haukapila i nā poʻe maʻi COVID-19 me ka maʻi influenza ma 4.14 mau manawa a me 2.35 mau manawa.
Ua paʻi ʻo Tongji Medical College o ke Kulanui ʻEpekema a me ka ʻenehana ʻo Huazhong i kahi noiʻi[6], nona nā haʻawina he 95 e pili ana i 62,107 mau maʻi ma COVID-19. ʻO ka nui o ka laha o ka maʻi influenza like ʻana he 2.45%, a ma waena o ia mau mea he nui ka nui o ka influenza A. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā maʻi i loaʻa wale i ka COVID-19, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o nā maʻi i loaʻa pū me ka influenza A i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, me ke komo ʻana i ka ICU, ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka ea mechanical a me ka make. ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ka laha o ka maʻi like ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o nā maʻi me ka maʻi like ʻana i nā hopena koʻikoʻi.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi meta-analysis[7], i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kahawai-B, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi o ke kahawai-A me COVID-19. Ma waena o 143 mau maʻi i loaʻa pū ʻia, 74% i loaʻa i ke kahawai-A, a he 20% i loaʻa i ke kahawai-B. Hiki i ka maʻi hui ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i waena o nā hui palupalu e like me nā keiki.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio ma lalo o ka makahiki 18 i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka haukapila a i make paha i ka maʻi influenza i ka wā o ka maʻi flu ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 2021-22.[8]ʻo ke ʻano o ka maʻi like ʻana me ka maʻi influenza ma COVID-19 e pono ai ka nānā ʻana. Ma waena o nā hihia hoʻokipa e pili ana i ka maʻi influenza, ua loaʻa iā 6% ka maʻi like me COVID-19 a me ka maʻi influenza, a ua piʻi ka hapa o nā make e pili ana i ka maʻi influenza i 16%. Hōʻike kēia ʻike e pono i nā maʻi i loaʻa pū me COVID-19 a me ka maʻi influenza ke kākoʻo hanu invasive a me non-invasive ma mua o ka poʻe i loaʻa wale i ka maʻi influenza, a kuhikuhi i ka hiki i ka maʻi like ke alakaʻi i ka pilikia maʻi koʻikoʻi i nā keiki.
2 Ka ʻike ʻokoʻa o ka maʻi palū a me COVID-19.
He laha loa nā maʻi hou a me ka maʻi palū, a he like nā ʻano like o kekahi mau hōʻailona lapaʻau, e like me ke kuni, ka ʻūlū a me ka myalgia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano lapaʻau no kēia mau maʻi ʻelua, a ʻokoʻa nā lāʻau antiviral i hoʻohana ʻia. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, hiki i nā lāʻau ke hoʻololi i nā hōʻike lapaʻau maʻamau o ka maʻi, e paʻakikī ai ke ʻike i ka maʻi ma o nā hōʻailona wale nō. No laila, pono e hilinaʻi ka ʻike pololei ʻana o COVID-19 a me ka maʻi palū i ka ʻike ʻokoʻa o ka maʻi e hōʻoia i hiki i nā mea maʻi ke loaʻa ka lāʻau kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi.
Hōʻike kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ʻaelike ʻia no ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana he mea nui loa ka ʻike pololei ʻana o ka COVID-19 a me ka maʻi influenza ma o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā mālama kūpono.
Hoʻolālā ʻIke a me ka Lapaʻau no ka maʻi palū (Paʻi 2020)》[9]a me 《ʻO ka ʻaelike loea pilikia maʻamau no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi palū makua (Paʻi 2022)》[10]Ua hoʻomaopopo nā mea a pau ua like ka maʻi influenza me kekahi mau maʻi ma COVID-19, a he mau hōʻailona maʻalahi a maʻamau ko COVID-19 e like me ke kuni, ka ʻū maloʻo a me ka ʻeha ʻāʻī, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale mai ka maʻi influenza; ʻO nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi hoʻi e pili ana i ka pneumonia koʻikoʻi, ka maʻi hanu koʻikoʻi a me ka hana ʻole o ke kino, e like me nā hōʻike lapaʻau o ka maʻi influenza koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi, a pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kumu.
"Hoʻolālā no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi coronavirus hou (paʻi ʻumi no ka hoʻokō hoʻāʻo"[11]ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻi Covid-19 mai ka maʻi ʻōpū hanu kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
3 Nā ʻokoʻa i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi influenza a me ka maʻi COVID-19
He mau maʻi like ʻole ka 2019-nCoV a me ka maʻi influenza i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā virus like ʻole, a he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano lapaʻau. Hiki i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā lāʻau antiviral ke pale i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me ka make o nā maʻi ʻelua.
Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau antiviral molekala liʻiliʻi e like me Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola a me nā lāʻau antibody neutralizing e like me Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir monoclonal antibody injection ma COVID-19.[12].
Hoʻohana nui nā lāʻau anti-influenza i nā mea hoʻopaʻa neuraminidase (oseltamivir, zanamivir), nā mea hoʻopaʻa hemagglutinin (Abidor) a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa RNA polymerase (Mabaloxavir), nona nā hopena maikaʻi i nā maʻi influenza A a me B kaulana o kēia manawa.[13].
He mea nui loa ke koho ʻana i kahi regimen antiviral kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka 2019-nCoV a me ka maʻi influenza. No laila, he mea nui loa ia e ʻike maopopo i ke pathogen e alakaʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
4 mau huahana nucleic acid nānā ʻekolu hui COVID-19/ Influenza A / Influenza B
Hāʻawi kēia huahana i ka ʻike wikiwiki a pololei hoʻinā maʻi influenza A a me B 2019-nCoV, a kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka 2019-nCoV a me ka maʻi influenza, ʻelua mau maʻi lele hanu me nā hōʻailona lapaʻau like akā nā ʻano hana lapaʻau like ʻole. Ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka pathogen, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala lapaʻau o nā papahana lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia a hōʻoia i hiki i nā mea maʻi ke loaʻa ka lāʻau kūpono i ka manawa.
Hoʻonā holoʻokoʻa:
ʻOhi laʻana--Ka unuhi ʻana o ka waikawa nucleic--Reagent ʻike--reaction kaulahao polymerase
Ka ʻike pololei: e ʻike i ka Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), ka maʻi influenza A a me ka maʻi influenza B i loko o hoʻokahi ʻōmole.
Kiʻekiʻe ke koʻikoʻi: ʻO ka LOD o Covid-19 he 300 kope/mL, a ʻo ka LOD o nā maʻi influenza A a me B he 500 kope/mL.
Uhi piha: Hoʻokomo pū ʻo Covid-19 i nā ʻano mutant āpau i ʻike ʻia, me ka maʻi influenza A e komo pū ana me ka H1N1 kau, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me ka maʻi influenza B e komo pū ana me nā ʻano Victoria a me Yamagata, i mea e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻole e poina ka ʻike ʻana.
Ka mana hilinaʻi o ka maikaʻi: ka mana maikaʻi ʻole/maikaʻi i kūkulu ʻia, ka kuhikuhi kūloko a me ka enzyme UDG ʻehā mau manawa ka mana o ka maikaʻi, ka nānā ʻana i nā reagents a me nā hana e hōʻoia i nā hopena pololei.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia: kūlike me ka mea hana PCR fluorescence ʻehā-kahawai nui ma ka mākeke.
Ka unuhi ʻakomi: me Macro & Micro-Thoʻomakaʻōnaehana hoʻoemi waikawa nucleic aunoa a me nā reagents hoʻoemi, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pono hana a me ke kūlike o nā hopena.
ʻIke huahana
Nā Kuhikuhi
1. Hui Ola Honua. Ke nānā ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o SARS‑CoV‑2[EB/OL]. (2022‑12‑01) [2023‑01‑08]. https://www.who.int/activities/tracking‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
2. Wehewehe Mana _ Liang Wannian: ʻO ka nui o ka make ma Omicron he 7 a 8 mau manawa ma mua o ka maʻi flu _ Influenza _ Epidemic _ Mick _ Sina News.http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7090010198ol.html.
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, et al. Kaumaha o nā kūkākūkā maʻi influenza outpatient e pili ana i ka maʻi influenza ma Kina, 2006-2015: he noiʻi ma muli o ka heluna kanaka [J]. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 2020, 14(2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, et al. Ka nui o ka make ʻana o ka hanu ma Kina e pili ana i ka maʻi palū, 2010-15: he noiʻi e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka [J]. Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, et al. Ka maʻi like ʻana o SARS-CoV-2 me nā maʻi influenza, ka maʻi respiratory syncytial, a i ʻole nā adenovirus. Lancet. 2022; 399(10334):1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Ka laha a me nā hopena pili o ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o SARS-CoV-2 a me ka maʻi influenza: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2023; 136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Ka maʻi like ʻana o SARS-CoV-2 a me nā maʻi influenza: He loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analysis. J Clin Virol Plus. 2021 Sep; 1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, et al. Ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2 a me ka maʻi influenza a me nā ʻano lapaʻau i waena o nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio <18 mau makahiki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka haukapila a i make paha me ka maʻi influenza - ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, 2021-22 Influenza Season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71(50):1589-1596.
9. Kōmike Ola Kino a me ke Ola Kino o ka Repubalika o Kina (PRC), hoʻokele mokuʻāina o ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna Kina. Polokalamu Hōʻoia a me ka Lapaʻau ʻana no ka maʻi Flu (Paʻi 2020) [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Lālā Kauka Pilikia o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, Lālā Lapaʻau Pilikia o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, Hui Lapaʻau Pilikia Kina, Hui Lapaʻau Pilikia Beijing, Kōmike ʻOihana Lapaʻau Pilikia o ka Pūʻali Koa Hoʻokuʻu Kanaka o Kina. ʻAelike o nā Loea Pilikia ma ka ʻIke a me ka Lāʻau ʻana i ka maʻi palū makua (Paʻi 2022) [J]. puke pai Kina no ka lāʻau mālama koʻikoʻi, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
11. Keʻena Nui o ke Komisina Ola Kino a me ke Ola Kino o ka Mokuʻāina, Keʻena Nui o ka Hoʻokele Mokuʻāina o ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau Kuʻuna Kina. Hoʻolaha no ka Paʻi ʻana a me ka Hoʻolaha ʻana i ka Hoʻolālā Hōʻailona a me ka Lapaʻau no ka maʻi coronavirus hou (Paʻi ʻUmi Hoʻāʻo).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, et al. ʻO ka manaʻo like o ka poʻe loea ma ka lāʻau antiviral no ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi coronavirus hou [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Lālā Kauka Pilikia o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, Lālā Lapaʻau Pilikia o ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina, Hui Lapaʻau Pilikia Kina, Hui Lapaʻau Pilikia Beijing, Kōmike ʻOihana Lapaʻau Pilikia o ka Pūʻali Koa Hoʻokuʻu Kanaka o Kina. ʻAelike o nā Loea Pilikia ma ka ʻIke a me ka Lāʻau ʻana i ka maʻi palū makua (Paʻi 2022) [J]. puke pai Kina no ka lāʻau mālama koʻikoʻi, 2022, 42(12): 1013-1026.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-29-2024