I ka pau ana o ka makahiki 1995, ua koho ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka la 24 o Malaki ma ke ano he World Tuberculosis Day.
1 Ka hoomaopopo ana i ka ma'i ma'i
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi (TB) he maʻi hoʻopau mau loa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "maʻi hoʻopau".He maʻi lele loa ia e ka mycobacterium tuberculosis e komo ana i ke kino kanaka.ʻAʻole pili ia i ka makahiki, ke kāne, ka lāhui, ka hana a me ka ʻāina.Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻano a me nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino o ke kanaka i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ʻo ia ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi he maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i nā ʻāpana o ke kino holoʻokoʻa.No ka mea, ʻo ke akemāmā ka wahi maʻi maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 90% o ka maʻi o ka maʻi tuberculosis e lawe ʻia ma o ka ʻōpū hanu.Loaʻa ka poʻe maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka ʻuʻu ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana, ka leo nui, ka mea e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā droplets me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi (i kapa ʻia ʻo microdroplets) mai ke kino a hanu ʻia e nā kānaka olakino.
2 Ka lapaau ana i na ma'i ma'i ma'i
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka pōhaku kihi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe, hiki ke lōʻihi ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi.No ka pulmonary tuberculosis ikaika, pono e lawe ʻia nā lāʻau anti-tuberculosis no ka liʻiliʻi o 6 a 9 mau mahina.ʻO nā lāʻau kūikawā a me ka manawa lapaʻau e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi, ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Ke kū'ē ka poʻe maʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua, pono lākou e pani ʻia e nā lāʻau lapaʻau lua.ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi pulmonary non-drug-resistant ʻo isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), pyrazinamide (PZA) a me streptomycin (SM).Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelima i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua a ua kūpono no ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi pulmonary tuberculosis hou.
3 Ninau a pane ka ma'i ma'i
Nīnau: Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka maʻi maʻi?
A: Hiki ke ho'ōla 'ia ka 90% o ka poʻe maʻi me ka pulmonary tuberculosis ma hope o ko lākou koi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau a hoʻopau i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana (6-9 mahina).Pono ke kauka e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lāʻau.Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau i ka manawa a hoʻopau i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana, e alakaʻi maʻalahi ia i ka lāʻau kūʻē i ka maʻi maʻi.Ke hiki mai ke kū'ē i ka lāʻau, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana a hiki ke alakaʻi maʻalahi i ka hiki ʻole o ka mālama ʻana.
Nīnau: He aha nā mea e pono ai ka poʻe maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi e nānā i ka wā mālama?
A: Ke ʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, pono e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau anti-tuberculosis maʻamau i ka hiki ke hiki, e hahai i ka ʻōlelo a ke kauka, e lawe i ka lāʻau i ka manawa, e nānā mau a hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi.1. E hoʻolohe i ka hoʻomaha a hoʻoikaika i ka meaʻai;2. E makaʻala i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino, a e uhi i kou waha a me kou ihu me nā kāwele pepa i ka wā e ʻu ai a me ke kihe ʻana;3. E hō'emi i ka hele 'ana i waho a e ho'okomo i ka pale ke hele 'oe i waho.
Nīnau: Ke lele mau nei ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana?
A: Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau, e emi koke ka maʻi o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi pulmonary tuberculosis.Ma hope o kekahi mau pule o ka mālama ʻana, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka sputum.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi pulmonary non-infectious e hoʻopau i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka mālama ʻana e like me ka papahana lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia.Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻamau lapaʻau, ʻaʻohe bacteria maʻi maʻi i loaʻa i loko o ka sputum, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e lele hou.
Nīnau: Ke lele mau nei ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana?
A: Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau, e emi koke ka maʻi o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi pulmonary tuberculosis.Ma hope o kekahi mau pule o ka mālama ʻana, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka sputum.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi pulmonary non-infectious e hoʻopau i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka mālama ʻana e like me ka papahana lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia.Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻamau lapaʻau, ʻaʻohe bacteria maʻi maʻi i loaʻa i loko o ka sputum, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e lele hou.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi
Hāʻawi ʻo Macro & Micro-Test i kēia mau huahana:
ʻIke ʻia oMTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) nucleic acid
1. ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka mana o ka mana o loko o ka'ōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi hoʻokolohua.
2. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka PCR amplification a me ka ʻimi fluorescent.
3. ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he 1 bacteria / mL.
ʻIke ʻia oka pale ʻana o ka isoniazid i ka MTB
1. ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka mana o ka mana o loko o ka'ōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi hoʻokolohua.
2. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana mutation hoʻonui hoʻomaikaʻi ponoʻī, a ua ʻae ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻenehana ARMS me ka ʻimi fluorescent.
3. ʻO ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena ʻike liʻiliʻi he 1000 bacteria / mL, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau kū ʻole i ka lāʻau me 1% a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻano mutant.
4. Kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī: ʻAʻohe hopena keʻa me ka hoʻololi ʻana o (511, 516, 526 a me 531) ʻehā mau kahua kūʻai lāʻau o rpoB gene.
ʻIke ʻia o nā hoʻololi ʻana oMTB a me Rifampicin Kū'ē
1. ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka mana o ka mana o loko o ka'ōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi hoʻokolohua.
2. Ua ho'ohana 'ia ke 'ano o ka ho'ohehe'e ho'ohehe'e 'ana me ka 'imi fluorescent pani i loa'a nā kumu RNA no ka 'ike ho'onui in vitro.
3. ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena haʻahaʻa loa he 50 bacteria / mL.
4. Kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī: ʻaʻohe hopena keʻa me ka genome kanaka, nā mycobacteria nontuberculous ʻē aʻe a me nā pathogens pneumonia;Ua ʻike ʻia nā pae hoʻololi o nā genes kūʻē lāʻau ʻē aʻe o ka mycobacterium tuberculosis ʻano hihiu, e like me katG 315G>C\A a me InhA -15 C>T, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hopena.
MTB nucleic acid detection (EPIA)
1. ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka mana o ka mana o loko o ka'ōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi hoʻokolohua.
2. Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela maʻamau o ka enzyme digestion probe, a pōkole ka manawa ʻike, a hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena ʻike ma 30 mau minuke.
3. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me Macro & Micro-Test sample release agent a me Macro & Micro-Test e hoʻomau i ka mahana nucleic acid amplification analyzer, maʻalahi ka hana a kūpono i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole.
4. ʻO ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena palena liʻiliʻi he 1000Copies / mL.
5. Kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī: ʻAʻohe hopena keʻa me nā mycobacteria ʻē aʻe o ka paʻakikī mycobacteria non-tuberculosis (e like me Mycobacterium kansas, Mycobacterium Sukarnica, Mycobacterium marinum, etc.) a me nā pathogens ʻē aʻe (e like me Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, etc. .).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-22-2024