I ka hopena o 1995, ua koho ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka lā 24 o Malaki ma ke ʻano he Lā Tuberculosis o ke Ao Holoʻokoʻa.
1 Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu
He maʻi ʻai mau ka maʻi Tuberculosis (TB), i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo "consumption disease". He maʻi ʻai mau loa ia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mycobacterium tuberculosis e komo ana i ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻAʻole ia e pili i ka makahiki, ke kāne, ka lāhui, ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻāina. Hiki i nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōnaehana he nui o ke kino kanaka ke loaʻa i ka maʻi tuberculosis, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi tuberculosis ka mea maʻamau.
He maʻi lele mau ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i hoʻokumu ʻia e Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ka mea e hoʻouka i nā ʻōpū o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. No ka mea, ʻo ka māmā kahi maʻi maʻamau, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he maʻi puʻupuʻu.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 90% o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu e laha ma o ke ala hanu. Loaʻa i nā maʻi puʻupuʻu ma ke kunu ʻana, ka ʻūhā ʻana, ka hana ʻana i nā walaʻau nui, e hoʻoulu ai i nā kulu me ka puʻupuʻu (i kapa ʻia ma ke ʻano lapaʻau he microdroplets) e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ke kino a hanu ʻia e ka poʻe olakino.
2 Ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi puʻupuʻu
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke kihi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe, hiki ke lōʻihi ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. No ka maʻi puʻupuʻu pulmonary ikaika, pono e lawe ʻia nā lāʻau anti-tuberculosis no ka liʻiliʻi he 6 a 9 mau mahina. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī a me ka manawa mālama e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi, ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Ke kūʻē nā maʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau laina mua, pono e pani ʻia lākou e nā lāʻau lapaʻau laina lua. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu pulmonary kūʻē ʻole i ka lāʻau, ʻo ia ka isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), pyrazinamide (PZA) a me streptomycin (SM). Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelima he mau lāʻau lapaʻau laina mua a he kūpono no ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o nā maʻi maʻi puʻupuʻu pulmonary i loaʻa hou i ka maʻi.
3 Nīnau a me ka pane no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu
Nīnau: Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
A: Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka 90% o nā maʻi me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu pulmonary ma hope o ko lākou koi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau a hoʻopau i ke kaʻina hana i kuhikuhi ʻia (6-9 mahina). Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka kekahi hoʻololi i ka lāʻau. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau i ka manawa kūpono a hoʻopau i ke kaʻina hana, e alakaʻi maʻalahi ia i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. Ke kū mai ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kaʻina hana a e alakaʻi maʻalahi ia i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lāʻau.
Q: He aha nā mea e pono ai i nā poʻe maʻi tuberculosis e makaʻala i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai?
A: Ke ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, pono ʻoe e loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau anti-tuberculosis maʻamau i ka wā hikiwawe loa, e hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ke kauka, e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono, e nānā mau a kūkulu i ka hilinaʻi. 1. E makaʻala i ka hoʻomaha a hoʻoikaika i ka meaʻai; 2. E makaʻala i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pilikino, a e uhi i kou waha a me kou ihu me nā kāwele pepa i ka wā e ʻū ana a i ʻole e ʻūhā ana; 3. E hōʻemi i ka hele ʻana i waho a e ʻaʻahu i ka pale maka i ka wā e pono ai ʻoe e hele i waho.
Nīnau: Ke laha mau nei anei ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ma hope o ka ho'ōla ʻia ʻana?
A: Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka maʻi o nā maʻi tuberculosis pulmonary e emi koke ana. Ma hope o kekahi mau pule o ka mālama ʻana, e emi nui ka nui o nā bacteria tuberculosis i loko o ka sputum. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi me ka maʻi tuberculosis pulmonary non-infectious e hoʻopau i ka papa holoʻokoʻa o ka mālama ʻana e like me ka hoʻolālā mālama i kuhikuhi ʻia. Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ke kūlana ho'ōla, ʻaʻohe bacteria tuberculosis i loaʻa i loko o ka sputum, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e laha hou.
Nīnau: Ke laha mau nei anei ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ma hope o ka ho'ōla ʻia ʻana?
A: Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka maʻi o nā maʻi tuberculosis pulmonary e emi koke ana. Ma hope o kekahi mau pule o ka mālama ʻana, e emi nui ka nui o nā bacteria tuberculosis i loko o ka sputum. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi me ka maʻi tuberculosis pulmonary non-infectious e hoʻopau i ka papa holoʻokoʻa o ka mālama ʻana e like me ka hoʻolālā mālama i kuhikuhi ʻia. Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ke kūlana ho'ōla, ʻaʻohe bacteria tuberculosis i loaʻa i loko o ka sputum, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e laha hou.
Hoʻonā maʻi puʻupuʻu
Hāʻawi ʻo Macro & Micro-Test i nā huahana aʻe:
Ka ʻike ʻana oʻAkika nucleic MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
1. ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka PCR a me ka probe fluorescent.
3. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena ʻike liʻiliʻi loa he 1 bacteria /mL.
Ka ʻike ʻana oke kū'ē ʻana o ka isoniazid ma MTB
1. ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻololi ālai-hoʻonui ponoʻī i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻenehana ARMS me ka probe fluorescent.
3. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena ʻike liʻiliʻi loa he 1000 bacteria /mL, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kū ʻole me 1% a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻano mutant.
4. Kūlana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe: ʻAʻohe hopena keʻa me nā hoʻololi ʻana o (511, 516, 526 a me 531) ʻehā mau wahi kūʻē lāʻau o ka gene rpoB.
Ka ʻike ʻana i nā Mutations oKe kū'ē ʻana o ka MTB a me Rifampicin
1. ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano piʻo hoʻoheheʻe i hui pū ʻia me ka probe fluorescent pani ʻia e loaʻa ana nā kumu RNA no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻonui in vitro.
3. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena ʻike liʻiliʻi loa he 50 bacteria /mL.
4. Kūlana kiʻekiʻe: ʻaʻohe hopena kea me ka genome kanaka, nā mycobacteria ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole tuberculous a me nā pathogens pneumonia; Ua ʻike ʻia nā wahi Mutation o nā genes ʻē aʻe i kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka mycobacterium tuberculosis wild-type, e like me katG 315G>C\A a me InhA -15 C>T, a ʻaʻohe hopena kea i hōʻike ʻia e nā hopena.
Ka ʻike ʻana i ka waikawa nucleic MTB (EPIA)
1. ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻonui mahana mau o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe enzyme, a he pōkole ka manawa ʻike, a hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena ʻike i loko o 30 mau minuke.
3. I hui pū ʻia me ka mea hoʻokuʻu laʻana Macro & Micro-Test a me ka mea kālailai hoʻonui waikawa nucleic constant temperature Macro & Micro-Test, he maʻalahi ke hana a kūpono no nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole.
4. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka palena ʻike liʻiliʻi loa he 1000Copies/mL.
5. Kūlana kiʻekiʻe: ʻAʻohe hopena keʻa me nā mycobacteria ʻē aʻe o ka hui mycobacteria non-tuberculosis (e like me Mycobacterium kansas, Mycobacterium Sukarnica, Mycobacterium marinum, etc.) a me nā pathogens ʻē aʻe (e like me Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, etc.).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-22-2024