ʻO Kina kekahi o nā ʻāina he 30 me ka nui o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ma ka honua, a he koʻikoʻi ke kūlana ahulau maʻi puʻupuʻu kūloko. Ke koʻikoʻi nei ka maʻi ahulau ma kekahi mau wahi, a loaʻa nā hui kula i kēlā me kēia manawa. No laila, he mea paʻakikī loa ka hana o ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu.
01 ʻIkepili o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu
I ka makahiki 2014, ua hāpai ʻo WHO i kahi "hoʻolālā hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu". Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu honua ma kahi o 2% wale nō i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2015, ua emi ka nui o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i ka makahiki 2020 ma 11% wale nō. Ua manaʻo ʻo WHO ʻaʻole i loaʻa a hōʻike ʻia paha ma mua o 40% o nā maʻi me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i ka makahiki 2020. Eia kekahi, ua laha ka lohi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. He mea maʻamau ia ma nā wahi kaumaha kiʻekiʻe a me nā maʻi me ka maʻi HIV a me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka nui o nā maʻi i manaʻo ʻia ma Kina i ka makahiki 2021 he 780,000 (842,000 i ka makahiki 2020), a ʻo ka nui o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i manaʻo ʻia he 55 no 100,000 (59/100,000 i ka makahiki 2020). ʻO ka nui o ka poʻe make ma ka maʻi puʻupuʻu HIV-negative ma Kina ua manaʻo ʻia he 30,000, a ʻo ka nui o ka make ʻana ma ka maʻi puʻupuʻu he 2.1 no 100,000.
02 He aha ka maʻi TB?
ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "tuberculosis", he maʻi hanu mau i hoʻokumu ʻia e Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hiki i ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis ke komo i nā wahi āpau o ke kino (koe wale nō ka lauoho a me nā niho) a ʻo ka hapa nui e loaʻa i loko o nā māmā. ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i loko o nā māmā no kahi o 95% o ka huina o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, a ʻo nā maʻi puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana me ka maningitis puʻupuʻu, ka pleurisy puʻupuʻu, ka maʻi puʻupuʻu iwi, a pēlā aku.
03 Pehea e laha ai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ʻo ia ka poʻe maʻi puʻupuʻu i loaʻa i ka sputum smear-positive, a hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā bacteria puʻupuʻu e nā kulu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe olakino i loaʻa i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu e loaʻa i ka maʻi. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi i ka poʻe, aia ia ma muli o ka ikaika o ka bacteria puʻupuʻu a me ka ikaika o ke kūʻē ʻana o ke kino.
04 He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
Nā hōʻailona ʻōnaehana: kuni, luhi, pohō kaumaha.
Nā hōʻailona hanu: ʻŪhū, pīpī koko, ʻeha umauma.
05 Hoʻonā
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Macro & Micro-Test i kahi moʻo o nā pahu hoʻāʻo no Mycobacterium tuberculosis e hāʻawi i nā hopena ʻōnaehana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi tuberculosis, ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi
Pahu ʻIke DNA Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Fluorescence PCR)
1. Hoʻolauna ka ʻōnaehana i ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko, hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Hoʻohana kēia pahu i ka hui pū ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka PCR a me nā probes fluorescent.
3. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka LoD he 100bacteria/mL.
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Pahu ʻIke Kūʻē ʻo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isoniazid (Fluorescence PCR)
1. Hoʻolauna ka ʻōnaehana i ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko, hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Hoʻohana kēia pahu hana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻololi pale amplification i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka hale e hoʻohui i ka ʻenehana ARMS me nā probes fluorescent.
3. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka LoD he 1 × 103bacteria/mL.
4. Kūlana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe: ʻaʻohe cross-reactivity me nā mutations o nā wahi kūʻē lāʻau ʻehā o ka gene rpoB (511, 516, 526 a me 531).
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Pahu ʻIke Kūʻē ʻo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid a me Rifampicin (Melting Curve)
1. Hoʻolauna ka ʻōnaehana i ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko, hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Hoʻohana ka pahu hana i ka ʻenehana ʻike hoʻonui in vitro o ke ʻano piʻo hoʻoheheʻe i hui pū ʻia me ka probe fluorescent pani ʻia e loaʻa ana nā kumu RNA.
3. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka LoD he 50 bacteria/mL.
4. Kūlana kiʻekiʻe: ʻaʻohe cross-reactivity me ka genome kanaka, nā mycobacteria ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole tuberculous, a me nā pathogens pneumonia; ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi mutation o nā genes ʻē aʻe i kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau o Mycobacterium tuberculosis e like me katG 315G>C\A, InhA-15 C>T.
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Pahu ʻIke Waikawa Nucleic e pili ana i ka Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) no Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1. Hoʻolauna ka ʻōnaehana i ka mana hoʻomalu kūloko, hiki ke nānā pono i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua.
2. Hoʻohana ka pahu hana i ke ʻano hoʻonui mahana mau o ka probe digestion enzyme. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻike i loko o 30 mau minuke.
3. ʻIke kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka LoD he 1000 Kope/mL.
5. Kūlana kiʻekiʻe: ʻaʻohe hopena kea me nā mycobacteria ʻē aʻe o ka hui mycobacteria nontuberculous (e like me Mycobacterium Kansas, Mycobacterium Suga, Mycobacterium nei, etc.) a me nā pathogens ʻē aʻe (e like me Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, etc.).
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| HWTS-RT001A/B | Pahu ʻike DNA Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Fluorescence PCR) | 50 mau hoʻāʻo/kit 20 mau hoʻāʻo/kit |
| HWTS-RT105A/B/C | Pahu ʻike DNA Mycobacterium Tuberculosis maloʻo-hau (Fluorescence PCR) | 50 mau hoʻāʻo/kit 20 mau hoʻāʻo/kit 48 mau hoʻāʻo/kit |
| HWTS-RT002A | Pahu ʻike kū'ē ʻo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isoniazid (Fluorescence PCR) | 50 mau hoʻāʻo/kit |
| HWTS-RT074A | Pahu ʻIke Kūʻē ʻo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Rifampicin (Fluorescence PCR) | 50 mau hoʻāʻo/kit |
| HWTS-RT074B | Pahu ʻIke Kūʻē ʻo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid a me Rifampicin (Melting Curve) | 50 mau hoʻāʻo/kit |
| HWTS-RT102A | Pahu ʻIke Waikawa Nucleic e pili ana i ka Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) no Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 50 mau hoʻāʻo/kit |
| HWTS-RT123A | Pahu ʻike waikawa nucleic Mycobacterium Tuberculosis maloʻo-hau (Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification) | 48 mau hoʻāʻo/kit |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-24-2023